Anchor ads are not supported on this page.

\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

Page 1 of 30 1 2 30

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Modified<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

By the 1850s, the military had adopted the reverse draw flap holster for the Colt 1851 Navy. In early California, civilian holsters were becoming a modified version without the flap. This design came to be known as the California Slim Jim. It was a narrow, minimalist holster suitable for any number of revolvers. The Mexican Loop was a different story. Most ex-Civil War soldiers heading West carried old Colt Dragoons, 1851 and 1861 Navy and 1860 Army revolvers. They also carried Remington Army and Navy models or any six-guns built in the North and South throughout the war. They were also using their old military flap holsters. Over time, this gun leather was subjected to all kinds of weather and severe abuse. Those little belt tabs sewn on the back of the holster were becoming weak and eventually tore or simply fell off when the stitching rotted.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Modified<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Cowboy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

By the 1850s, the military had adopted the reverse draw flap holster for the Colt 1851 Navy. In early California, civilian holsters were becoming a modified version without the flap. This design came to be known as the California Slim Jim. It was a narrow, minimalist holster suitable for any number of revolvers. The Mexican Loop was a different story. Most ex-Civil War soldiers heading West carried old Colt Dragoons, 1851 and 1861 Navy and 1860 Army revolvers. They also carried Remington Army and Navy models or any six-guns built in the North and South throughout the war. They were also using their old military flap holsters. Over time, this gun leather was subjected to all kinds of weather and severe abuse. Those little belt tabs sewn on the back of the holster were becoming weak and eventually tore or simply fell off when the stitching rotted.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Modified<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Teddy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Cowboy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

By the 1850s, the military had adopted the reverse draw flap holster for the Colt 1851 Navy. In early California, civilian holsters were becoming a modified version without the flap. This design came to be known as the California Slim Jim. It was a narrow, minimalist holster suitable for any number of revolvers. The Mexican Loop was a different story. Most ex-Civil War soldiers heading West carried old Colt Dragoons, 1851 and 1861 Navy and 1860 Army revolvers. They also carried Remington Army and Navy models or any six-guns built in the North and South throughout the war. They were also using their old military flap holsters. Over time, this gun leather was subjected to all kinds of weather and severe abuse. Those little belt tabs sewn on the back of the holster were becoming weak and eventually tore or simply fell off when the stitching rotted.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Modified<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Here, the holsters we most commonly recognize as \u201cWestern\u201d were born. The \u201cCalifornia Pattern,\u201d perhaps one of the most prevalent from the 1850s through the 1870s, and \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters. This style thrived from the late 1870s into the 20th century. This design is divided into single, double, and triple-loop versions and various skirt styles. It would dominate the American West we see in period photographs and in television shows and movies that are historically accurate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Teddy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Cowboy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

By the 1850s, the military had adopted the reverse draw flap holster for the Colt 1851 Navy. In early California, civilian holsters were becoming a modified version without the flap. This design came to be known as the California Slim Jim. It was a narrow, minimalist holster suitable for any number of revolvers. The Mexican Loop was a different story. Most ex-Civil War soldiers heading West carried old Colt Dragoons, 1851 and 1861 Navy and 1860 Army revolvers. They also carried Remington Army and Navy models or any six-guns built in the North and South throughout the war. They were also using their old military flap holsters. Over time, this gun leather was subjected to all kinds of weather and severe abuse. Those little belt tabs sewn on the back of the holster were becoming weak and eventually tore or simply fell off when the stitching rotted.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Modified<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Civilian<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Here, the holsters we most commonly recognize as \u201cWestern\u201d were born. The \u201cCalifornia Pattern,\u201d perhaps one of the most prevalent from the 1850s through the 1870s, and \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters. This style thrived from the late 1870s into the 20th century. This design is divided into single, double, and triple-loop versions and various skirt styles. It would dominate the American West we see in period photographs and in television shows and movies that are historically accurate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Teddy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Cowboy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

By the 1850s, the military had adopted the reverse draw flap holster for the Colt 1851 Navy. In early California, civilian holsters were becoming a modified version without the flap. This design came to be known as the California Slim Jim. It was a narrow, minimalist holster suitable for any number of revolvers. The Mexican Loop was a different story. Most ex-Civil War soldiers heading West carried old Colt Dragoons, 1851 and 1861 Navy and 1860 Army revolvers. They also carried Remington Army and Navy models or any six-guns built in the North and South throughout the war. They were also using their old military flap holsters. Over time, this gun leather was subjected to all kinds of weather and severe abuse. Those little belt tabs sewn on the back of the holster were becoming weak and eventually tore or simply fell off when the stitching rotted.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Modified<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

As gunleather historian Richard C. Rattenbury noted in his book Packing Iron \u2013 Gunleather of the Frontier West<\/em>,\u201cUnlike military equipage. The gunleather employed by civilians in the West was not subject to imposed military standards of uniformity Rather, much early material was characterized by its diversity in form and quality. However, as early as the 1850s, isolated regional artisans were crafting and establishing new gunleather patterns better suited to frontier conditions.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Civilian<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Here, the holsters we most commonly recognize as \u201cWestern\u201d were born. The \u201cCalifornia Pattern,\u201d perhaps one of the most prevalent from the 1850s through the 1870s, and \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters. This style thrived from the late 1870s into the 20th century. This design is divided into single, double, and triple-loop versions and various skirt styles. It would dominate the American West we see in period photographs and in television shows and movies that are historically accurate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Teddy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Cowboy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

By the 1850s, the military had adopted the reverse draw flap holster for the Colt 1851 Navy. In early California, civilian holsters were becoming a modified version without the flap. This design came to be known as the California Slim Jim. It was a narrow, minimalist holster suitable for any number of revolvers. The Mexican Loop was a different story. Most ex-Civil War soldiers heading West carried old Colt Dragoons, 1851 and 1861 Navy and 1860 Army revolvers. They also carried Remington Army and Navy models or any six-guns built in the North and South throughout the war. They were also using their old military flap holsters. Over time, this gun leather was subjected to all kinds of weather and severe abuse. Those little belt tabs sewn on the back of the holster were becoming weak and eventually tore or simply fell off when the stitching rotted.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Modified<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Civilian vs Military Holsters<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

As gunleather historian Richard C. Rattenbury noted in his book Packing Iron \u2013 Gunleather of the Frontier West<\/em>,\u201cUnlike military equipage. The gunleather employed by civilians in the West was not subject to imposed military standards of uniformity Rather, much early material was characterized by its diversity in form and quality. However, as early as the 1850s, isolated regional artisans were crafting and establishing new gunleather patterns better suited to frontier conditions.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Civilian<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Here, the holsters we most commonly recognize as \u201cWestern\u201d were born. The \u201cCalifornia Pattern,\u201d perhaps one of the most prevalent from the 1850s through the 1870s, and \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters. This style thrived from the late 1870s into the 20th century. This design is divided into single, double, and triple-loop versions and various skirt styles. It would dominate the American West we see in period photographs and in television shows and movies that are historically accurate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Teddy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Cowboy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

By the 1850s, the military had adopted the reverse draw flap holster for the Colt 1851 Navy. In early California, civilian holsters were becoming a modified version without the flap. This design came to be known as the California Slim Jim. It was a narrow, minimalist holster suitable for any number of revolvers. The Mexican Loop was a different story. Most ex-Civil War soldiers heading West carried old Colt Dragoons, 1851 and 1861 Navy and 1860 Army revolvers. They also carried Remington Army and Navy models or any six-guns built in the North and South throughout the war. They were also using their old military flap holsters. Over time, this gun leather was subjected to all kinds of weather and severe abuse. Those little belt tabs sewn on the back of the holster were becoming weak and eventually tore or simply fell off when the stitching rotted.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Modified<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n
\"Flintlock<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Civilian vs Military Holsters<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

As gunleather historian Richard C. Rattenbury noted in his book Packing Iron \u2013 Gunleather of the Frontier West<\/em>,\u201cUnlike military equipage. The gunleather employed by civilians in the West was not subject to imposed military standards of uniformity Rather, much early material was characterized by its diversity in form and quality. However, as early as the 1850s, isolated regional artisans were crafting and establishing new gunleather patterns better suited to frontier conditions.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Civilian<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Here, the holsters we most commonly recognize as \u201cWestern\u201d were born. The \u201cCalifornia Pattern,\u201d perhaps one of the most prevalent from the 1850s through the 1870s, and \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters. This style thrived from the late 1870s into the 20th century. This design is divided into single, double, and triple-loop versions and various skirt styles. It would dominate the American West we see in period photographs and in television shows and movies that are historically accurate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Teddy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Cowboy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

By the 1850s, the military had adopted the reverse draw flap holster for the Colt 1851 Navy. In early California, civilian holsters were becoming a modified version without the flap. This design came to be known as the California Slim Jim. It was a narrow, minimalist holster suitable for any number of revolvers. The Mexican Loop was a different story. Most ex-Civil War soldiers heading West carried old Colt Dragoons, 1851 and 1861 Navy and 1860 Army revolvers. They also carried Remington Army and Navy models or any six-guns built in the North and South throughout the war. They were also using their old military flap holsters. Over time, this gun leather was subjected to all kinds of weather and severe abuse. Those little belt tabs sewn on the back of the holster were becoming weak and eventually tore or simply fell off when the stitching rotted.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Modified<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available

BROWSE BY BRAND

\n

Pistol belt hooks were also used, which, as the name implies, was a hook attached to one side of the frame to secure the pistol over a wide belt. Going forward, it will be easy to see where this is headed. The earliest examples of a belt holster arrived around the same time as the flintlock pistol. By the early 1700s, belt holsters began to appear, though primarily in the civilian sector. Even after Samuel Colt\u2019s successful introduction of the revolver, pommel holsters were still favored by the U.S. Cavalry for carrying the large .44 caliber Colt Dragoons. The civilian market, on the other hand, was going in a different direction. It preferred a leather holster worn on a belt. It was a logical progression, with the basic design of the pommel holster pouch itself evolving into the design for the earliest military flap holsters in the 1850s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Flintlock<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Civilian vs Military Holsters<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

As gunleather historian Richard C. Rattenbury noted in his book Packing Iron \u2013 Gunleather of the Frontier West<\/em>,\u201cUnlike military equipage. The gunleather employed by civilians in the West was not subject to imposed military standards of uniformity Rather, much early material was characterized by its diversity in form and quality. However, as early as the 1850s, isolated regional artisans were crafting and establishing new gunleather patterns better suited to frontier conditions.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Civilian<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Here, the holsters we most commonly recognize as \u201cWestern\u201d were born. The \u201cCalifornia Pattern,\u201d perhaps one of the most prevalent from the 1850s through the 1870s, and \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters. This style thrived from the late 1870s into the 20th century. This design is divided into single, double, and triple-loop versions and various skirt styles. It would dominate the American West we see in period photographs and in television shows and movies that are historically accurate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Teddy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Cowboy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

By the 1850s, the military had adopted the reverse draw flap holster for the Colt 1851 Navy. In early California, civilian holsters were becoming a modified version without the flap. This design came to be known as the California Slim Jim. It was a narrow, minimalist holster suitable for any number of revolvers. The Mexican Loop was a different story. Most ex-Civil War soldiers heading West carried old Colt Dragoons, 1851 and 1861 Navy and 1860 Army revolvers. They also carried Remington Army and Navy models or any six-guns built in the North and South throughout the war. They were also using their old military flap holsters. Over time, this gun leather was subjected to all kinds of weather and severe abuse. Those little belt tabs sewn on the back of the holster were becoming weak and eventually tore or simply fell off when the stitching rotted.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Modified<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Modifying Holsters <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Westerners, of course, were always quick to adapt and make do with what they had. All it took was a sharp knife or a heavy set of shears to alter the standard military flap holster with a lost belt loop and make it into a holster. With very little work, an old flap holster could be transformed into a half-skirt \u201cMexican Loop\u201d by cutting slits in the flap. Then, rolling it behind the holster and pulling the pouch through the openings. The military belt still worked perfectly with the holster flap to form the belt loop and skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years after the Civil War, cattle became big business on both sides of the Texas\/Mexico border. During this period, Mexican leather workers likely picked up on this design and began making similarly-styled rigs. The same happened at established saddlers and leather crafters in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wyoming. Books such as Packing Iron<\/em> note that the early commercial-style \u201cMexican Loop\u201d holsters had only a half skirt, just like a modified military flap holster. And thus, the original, so-called \u201cMexican Loop\u201d likely started out with good old American ingenuity. A poor cowboy with a need and a sharp knife. And that brings us to the burning question, \u201cHow were these holsters and cartridge belts worn?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How's it Hanging?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In the vast majority of photographic images taken in the 1870s, holsters and cartridge belts were worn high around the waist, with most favoring the strong side draw. A lesser percentage show them worn in crossdraw style, but again high around the waist.  The cross-draw position was somewhat favorable for wear on horseback, facilitating an easier draw and a more comfortable fit in the sitting position. In the photo above, \u201cThe Cowboys\u201d from John Bianchi\u2019s famous Histograph Series, a variety of holsters can be seen worn in traditional style. You rarely find old photos showing a gun rig slung low around the hips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Real<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"TV<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some men did wear them in that fashion, but it was still not as exaggerated as in early TV westerns and movies and nowhere as low as the famous \u201cBuscadero\u201d rigs, which placed the gun alongside the thigh, almost at arm\u2019s length. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, the Buscadero rig did work well for fast draw, as proven by Arvo Ojalla and other Hollywood holster makers in the 1950s and 1960s. (His holsters, shown above, were worn by popular TV western actors.) Fast draw shootouts <\/a>in the Old West were not common occurrences. Only a handful of gunmen, like Wild Bill Hickok, were capable of a fast draw from the waist. Even then, in Hickok\u2019s most famous shootout, he took the time to rest his Colt across his left arm before firing.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Old West historians are quick to note that most shootouts were escalating events, and in many cases, the guns were already drawn well before the first shots rang out. But that\u2019s not too exciting. For the Old West tales of television and movies, the facts were better suited to the cutting room floor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"How's<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","post_title":"How's it Hanging?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"hows-it-hanging","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/single-action-shooting-society\/","post_modified":"2025-01-09 11:11:34","post_modified_gmt":"2025-01-09 16:11:34","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=395946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":394216,"post_author":"687","post_date":"2024-12-17 14:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-17 19:00:00","post_content":"\n

Christmas traditions are what truly makes the holiday season joyful for nearly everyone. People decorate their homes, buy gifts for their friends and loved ones. They enjoy an overly lavish dinner with all the trimmings. Aside from a small sprinkling of deviation, most traditions are followed year in and year out. But what was it like centuries ago in the having Christmas in the West?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Seeds of Christmas Traditions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When celebrating Christmas was in its infant stage? Did the people far removed from the bustling large eastern cities celebrate like we do today? Well, yes and no. Christmas traditions in the Old West <\/a>were both similar to modern-day versions and different. Here, we\u2019ll travel back in time to explore the roots of Christmas traditions and how, people expressed their holiday cheer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decorating Wasn't Taken Lightly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Like modern-day, Christmas decorations were a huge part of the holiday season. However, unlike today, where a person could enter almost any department store and find aisles of decorations, there were few options for pioneers. Because of this, they took things into their own hands. They searched out their own needed d\u00e9cor, which included many items that we use today. Directly from the translated song \u201cDeck the Halls,\u201d the line stating \u201cboughs of holly\u201d was one that the residents of the West took to heart. They positioned native flora throughout their home, They created wreaths, and placed them on their front doors, which is not unlike what people do today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, many of the same natural materials that we use today were used. These include pinecones, evergreen branches, tree nuts, and berries. This illustrates that some traditions of today were firmly rooted in history and not disappearing anytime soon. The task of decorating within the home was the job of the lady of the house. It was her responsibility to make the home the most festive as possible. In fact, a magazine published just a few years shy of the twentieth century was blunt. It stated that a woman who failed to go above and beyond while decorating was \u201ca disgrace to her family.\u201d With that kind of pressure, it\u2019s no wonder that many homes in the Old West were Christmas-centric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Candles<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Early Roots of the Christmas Tree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, Christmas trees are in the homes of millions of families nearly a month or more before the twenty-fifth of December. This wasn\u2019t the case in the old West. In fact, in the mid-eighteenth century, the Christmas tree was considered a pagan symbol and didn\u2019t become a fixture that Americans erected each year until the late nineteenth century. Like today, the trees were adorned with numerous baubles and trinkets. They also added more natural decorations made from dried fruits, nuts, candies, and the still-prevalent today, popcorn-on-a-string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, one tradition that has been stopped in modern times for safety purposes was lit candles on the tree. In the old West, candles were the only way to make their tree \u201cglow\u201d with holiday cheer. But all it took was one candle to shift and fall into the tree itself to catch fire and go up in flames. Often, an inferno would occur and partially or totally destroy the house. Inhabitants would incur burns trying to douse the flaming tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Decorations<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giving Necessities as Gifts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the holiday shopper strives to find a gift their recipient will truly want and love. Back in the old West<\/a>, over two centuries ago, gift options centered more on what a person may need. Items like writing instruments, medicines, and toothbrushes were gifted because such daily necessities were often scarce in the West. Additionally, food items, like small cakes, candies, and dried fruits, were added to family members' stockings as a Christmas treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The idea of buying gifts in stores was virtually non-existent in the old West. The closest representation to modern-day gift giving came in the form of toys made by the parents with materials found around the home or at the general store. Carved figurines, dolls made from straw, and small keepsakes like pillows, embroidered cloths. Even personalized letters were given as Christmas gifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Many<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A Gathering Equaled Christmas Cheer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

With people\u2019s homes often spread across far distances in the old West, seeing relatives or even friends on Christmas day was a difficult task. In addition to this, being a hunter, fisherman, or miner back then meant long stretches of time without seeing another person. However, with all these obstacles, the idea of coming together for the holiday was as strong back then as it is now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only difference was that the people who grouped together on Christmas day weren\u2019t always close friends and rarely family members. Instead, loners normally came together for some holiday cheer and to keep their spirits up during their typically harsh lives. They would eat together, share stories, and basically just \u201ctake a day off\u201d from their rigorous routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Christmas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Foundation Was Set<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Although Christmas traditions from the Old West may seem old-fashioned and quite basic compared to modern times, it\u2019s apparent that they laid the foundation for today\u2019s holiday activities. Yes, there were no large department stores to buy decorations, supermarkets to assemble a feast, or quick travel to visit friends or family. Still, the true underlying spirit of the holidays was as strong then as it is now. The company of good people and Christmas spirits in their hearts is all anyone ever needs at any time in history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information, visit: https:\/\/christmaslightfest.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Christmas in the Old West","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"christmas-in-the-old-west","to_ping":"","pinged":"\nhttps:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/article\/john-bianchi-an-american-cowboy-leather-legend\/","post_modified":"2024-12-14 17:06:18","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-14 22:06:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=394216","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392657,"post_author":"645","post_date":"2024-12-07 07:30:00","post_date_gmt":"2024-12-07 12:30:00","post_content":"\n

It\u2019s 1941. Monday morning, mid-September, has dawned rainy and overcast. Gray clouds hang over the sweltering heat of south Louisiana. Deep in the tall pines of Kisatchie National Forest, a tense, humid calm coils around the thick trees. Shortly, though, it would be shattered by the largest military<\/a> action to have ever taken place in North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Forest World War II Training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the early hours of September 15, the tanks and infantry of the Red Army collided with the defending Blue Army, eventually bringing more than 400,000 men into battle between the Sabine and Red Rivers of western Louisiana. For the next several days, bombers buzzed overhead, artillery threw round after round, and men, horses and tanks vied for control over the piney woodlands in and around Kisatchie National Forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, though, all of the rounds were fake, the bombs were bags of flour, and the fighting wasn\u2019t real. Both the Red Army and the Blue Army were made up of the units from the U.S. Army, conducting a drill that became known as the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preparing for War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1941, Europe had already been at war for two years. Nazi Germany\u2019s lightning invasions across France and central Europe, and Japan\u2019s invasion of China all alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. However, Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, realized the necessity of making the U.S. military ready for what seemed like an inevitable conflict with the Axis forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But to train the numbers of men he knew would be required, Marshall needed a place big enough and open enough to conduct complex maneuvers. He found it in Kisatchie National Forest, in southwest Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brig. Gen. Omar Bradley (left) and Lt. Gen. Lesley J. McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers. (Photo from the Library of Congress)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It is here that new doctrines would be tried, old traditions evaluated to see if they still held up, and new officers put to the test. War has changed dramatically since the last time the U.S. military was involved, and Marshall wanted to make sure the U.S. wasn\u2019t caught unprepared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I want the mistakes made down in Louisiana and not over in Europe, and the only way to do this thing is to try it out, and if it doesn't work, find out what we need to make it work\", Marshall said<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To the Forests of Louisiana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Kisatchie, established in 1930, has several districts located throughout the state. Two of them, the Calcasieu Ranger District and the Catahoula Ranger District, played a vital role in the Louisiana Maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the Calcasieu Ranger District, Camp Claiborne<\/a> was established. Men from all over the United States began gathering in August of 1941 in Camp Claiborne to begin the Louisiana Maneuvers. Most were unfamiliar with the swampy, piney woods they found themselves in, and for many, this was their first time away from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Claiborne under construction. (U.S. Army photo) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately, locals were pleased to see them, and the soldiers were welcomed with open arms. In fact, many locals even allowed the soldiers to stay in their homes during the maneuvers. Even future luminaries like George S. Patton and Dwight D. Eisenhower stayed in towns along the outskirts of the national forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So many soldiers arrived over the next few weeks that Camp Claiborne became the largest military installation in the U.S. and the third largest city in Louisiana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, north in the Catahoula Ranger District, Camp Livingston was established, and thousands more soldiers streamed in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sham Battle, Real Experience, Vital Lessons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Louisiana Maneuvers took place across a few weeks of September 1941, in two phases. In each phase, the forces were divided into a Red Army and a Blue Army and given objectives. The Blue Army won both maneuvers, largely due to leadership from Patton and Eisenhower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the battle was a mere exercise, the effort did exactly what Marshall and others hoped it would. The demonstration showed what tactics would work and which wouldn\u2019t, the importance of new technologies and strategies, and the experience needed by the rising officer corps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The timing could not have been better. No sooner was the final report turned in than the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Hundreds of thousands of men were trained in Camps Claiborne and Livingston. Men would send postcards home to their families and loved ones. One such postcard is here. (From the Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collection Online, Boston Public Library, the Tichnor Brothers Collection)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America\u2019s Battlefield Training Ground<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Louisiana Maneuvers did not mean the end of Kisatchie National Forest\u2019s role in preparing America\u2019s soldiers for combat. In fact, more than a million men would move through Camps Claiborne and Livingston during the war, training in areas as diverse as infantry, airborne, engineering, tanks and medical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Claiborne was the birthplace of famous units like the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st Airborne Division. Notable officers like Omar Bradley and Matthew Ridgway spent time under Kisatchie\u2019s pine trees training troops. The 761st Tank Battalion, a predominantly Black unit known as the Black Panthers, also trained at Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The USDA Forest Service provided training and assistance with logging for forestry battalions. Soldiers learned how to log and provide lumber for their units, and many of them would go on to serve in Europe and the Pacific, building roads and other infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Over the course of the war, thousands of Japanese Americans were taken from their homes and removed to locations far away, in poor conditions, where they were held under suspicion of disloyalty due to their ethnicity. (Image courtesy of Clem Albers, War Relocation Authority)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Japanese Internment Camp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, a darker side of Camps Claiborne and Livingston existed. A part of Camp Livingston was initially planned to take in prisoners of war. However, the U.S. decided to imprison Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps for fears they would be disloyal to the U.S., resulting in hundreds of Japanese Americans being taken to Camp Livingston<\/a> and interned there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the Japanese American civilians were imprisoned at Camp Livingston, Japanese Americans who had volunteered to serve in the U.S. military in the 100th Infantry Battalion<\/a>, part of the famed 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/a>, received training nearby at Camp Claiborne. In 1943, the Japanese Americans were removed from Camp Livingston and sent to other camps. Most of them would not be freed until after the war ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Longleaf Vista overlook. (USDA Forest Service photo by Erich Vallery)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From Training Ground Back to Timber Land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, the footsteps of soldiers and the hum of trucks have largely given way to the cries of cicadas and the calls of birds like the red-cockaded woodpeckers and red-tailed hawks.  Camps Claiborne and Livingston were shuttered not long after the end of the war, their buildings mostly removed, and their equipment diverted to other bases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camp Polk, a third facility developed for the Louisiana Maneuvers, would become Fort Polk (today Fort Johnson), where military exercises are routinely executed on shared land with the national forest. But the days when hundreds of thousands of Americans from the entire country would march beneath the pine trees of Kisatchie are long gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the old camps can be seen through scenic trails maintained by forest staff. Little Creek and Hickman Trails wind their way around old Camp Livingston, and the Claiborne Trails system takes hikers and cyclists through the overgrown streets of Camp Claiborne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur forest is committed to preserve the legacy of these camps,\u201d shared Lisa W. Lewis, Forest Supervisor of the Kisatchie National Forest.  \u201cThrough our preservation efforts we honor the sacrifices of all the men and women who trained at these historic sites who served our Nation with dedication, commitment, and valor during World War II.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Story by Alex Dumas, Office of Communication, USDA Forest Service<\/em> (Originally published by the Forest Service)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","post_title":"When a National Forest Trained Americans for War","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"national-forest-war-training","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-06 13:40:28","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-06 18:40:28","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392657","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":392805,"post_author":"1234","post_date":"2024-11-30 11:50:39","post_date_gmt":"2024-11-30 16:50:39","post_content":"\n

If you watched HBO\u2019s World War Two saga \"Band of Brothers,\" you may recall the Browning 1919A6 Light Machine Gun making its appearance in the Bastogne episodes. It was a stop-gap gun that looked a bit like what you\u2019d get if you crossed a M1919A4<\/a> belt-fed light machine gun with an M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). If the light machine guns of World War Two went to a dance, the M1919A6<\/a> would be the badly dressed fat kid with two left feet who struggled just to get onto the floor while the British Bren, German MG34, Japanese Nambu Type 99 and Russian DP-27 were doing the Jitterbug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History of the M1919A6 Light Machine Gun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surprisingly, despite its many shortcomings, the \u201csubstitute standard\u201d M1919A6 remained America\u2019s \u201climited standard\u201d light machine gun until the M60 finally replaced it in the early 1960s. I shot a semi-auto clone of the M1919A6 for the first time last summer. Built from original parts, this gun operated identically to the full-auto version with the exception that it fired once per pull of the trigger. Taking it to the range offered a rare opportunity to experience firsthand some of what a machine gunner equipped with this ungainly weapon had to deal with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the HBO series, the actor who carried the weapon handled it with deceptive ease. I found there was no comfortable way to hold the darned thing even with the twist-locking barrel handle. It\u2019s 32.5 pounds of sharp edges and hard angles that\u2019s awkward and difficult to carry. With the receiver flat on my shoulder and the buttstock pulled down by my bent forearm, the barrel jutted out high above my head behind me. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiating the uneven woods trail to the firing range, it slid back and forth between the base of my neck and the tip of my shoulder blade, digging deeper into my neck and shoulder with each step. The barrel stuck up like an antenna, seemingly destined to snag every low-hanging branch and make the receiver bite me all the harder. With the gun butt in one hand and a 250-round ammo can in the other, I was counting the steps of the short, 100-yard walk to the fallow field where I planned to shoot. The infantryman assigned this weapon had to be tough just to lug it around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M1919A6 Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Once in position, setup was swift. Unlike the Browning M1919A4, there was no tripod to set up, no pintle to secure, and no complex traverse and elevation gizmo to attach and adjust. The 1919A6 is a one-man affair, requiring only the individual adjustment of the bipod legs, two big wing nuts per leg. I set up a target the previous day, a 12-inch Birchwood Casey Shoot-N-See bullseye on a 36-inch square white board 100 yards into a field 300 yards across with a gentle upward slope backed by a thick tree line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The M1919A6 was functionally identical to the earlier M1917 water-cooled and M1919A4 air-cooled guns. so if a soldier knew how to use one, he could use them all. Though semi-auto-only, the gun comprises the same gas-boosted, recoil-operated, closed bolt, belt-fed with the same controls as the machine gun. Pulling the charging handle, the manual of arms required machine gunners grab it from the bottom with the palm up for safety. The air-cooled Browning machine guns got hot fast because they fired from a closed bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the barrel was too hot from excessive firing, the chambered round could cook off immediately, driving the charging handle unexpectedly back. Gripping the handle palm up got the gunner\u2019s thumb out of the way. With my limited ammunition supply, and less than half the machine gun\u2019s cyclic rate of fire, a cook off was highly unlikely, but good habits are most helpful when started early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ammo Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cloth belts, of 250 rounds with a ratio of four ball rounds to one tracer saw the most action in World War Two. Today, the hand-cranked loading machines for cloth belts are costly and most shooters use the metal, disintegrating link belts originally designed for aircraft use. My research revealed that ground forces used plenty of these linked belts later in the war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of belt type, a full belt began with a metal starter tab a few inches long. It allowed loading the weapon without opening the top cover. The soldier pushed the starter tab through the receiver's feed slot until the end came out the right side. He then pulled the exposed end hard toward the right to lock the first cartridge in the belt against the feed pawl. At that point, if the gunner was planning to fire, he would pull back the charging handle twice. You read that right\u2026TWICE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charging the Weapon <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The initial pull advanced the first cartridge in the belt into the loading position directly in front of the bolt. The second pull stripped that cartridge from the belt, lowered it to the level of the barrel, chambered it, and positioned the next cartridge in the belt for loading. There\u2019s a lot going on mechanically inside these guns and you can feel it when working the charging handle. You have to put some muscle into it, much more than any sporting firearm you\u2019ll ever use. The 5-pound barrel attached to its extension inside the receiver is the greatest part of the reciprocating mass. The guns had no mechanical safety either. Once a round was in the chamber they were ready to fire. To make the gun safe, you have to open the top cover, remove the belt, and draw back the charging handle to clear the chamber.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gun can also be loaded without a starter tab from an open top cover. Just remember that with disintegrating metallic links, you lead with the double loop end of the link. You simply orient the first round in the belt with the center of the bolt, make sure the belt feed lever in the top cover is all the way to the left, close the cover tight with a rap of your fist, and pull the charging handle back once to chamber the round. I had to do this a number of times while I was getting the hang of how the gun handled with ten round belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Getting on the Gun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The 1919A6 is clumsy to move around with, but firing from the prone position its merits became apparent. I shimmied underneath the hook of the buttstock, supporting the weight of the receiver on my back, grasped the pistol grip with my right hand, and the wrist of the buttstock with my left. Resting on my elbows like that, I had a very steady hold which helped maintain a good sight picture through the flip-up, windage and elevation adjustable, aperture rear sight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A soldier firing the 1919A6 prone was less exposed to enemy fire than one firing the 1919A4 from a tripod, and probably more accurate than he\u2019d be if shooting with a free gun. In under ten seconds, which was all the time it took me to get a precise sight picture for each of eight shots in the belt, I grouped them into 4.65 inches at 100 yards. I think that\u2019s pretty good for a 14.5-inch sight radius.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The really eye-opening experience came at the end of my test in a rapid-fire experiment where I burned through a 25-round belt as fast as I could pull the trigger. My semi-auto cyclic rate turned out to be 176 rounds per minute, a far cry from the 400-450 rounds per minute that a full-auto gun is capable of. Even at my kindergarten cyclic rate, I began to feel what I\u2019d describe as the gun\u2019s rhythm, rocking back and forth as the action went in and out of battery with each shot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rounds Downrange<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Looking downrange over my sights, I could actually see my shots kicking up the dirt way in front of and far behind the target. Those standing above me on my right and left had a clearer view of what was happening downrange. One said, \u201cYou\u2019re all over the place.\u201d The other, who has experience with belt-fed machine guns, said, \u201cNo, he\u2019s right where he\u2019s supposed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What recreational shooters who\u2019ve never fired a light machinegun often don\u2019t realize, is that a machine gun isn\u2019t meant to deliver a precisely aimed single shot into one target. That\u2019s a rifle's job. A machine gun like this M1919A6 is meant to deliver a lot of shots over a large area to destroy or suppress multiple targets. The rocking rhythm of the gun provides the vibration to create that spread downrange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That spread is referred to in the military as a \u201cbeaten zone,\u201d which is an apt description for the ellipse-shaped area pounded by bullets as they strike in front of and behind the target. I\u2019m fairly sure that changes in the cyclic rate will change the size of the beaten zone, but in this case, with this semi-auto gun, it was estimated about twenty yards long and two yards wide, with eleven shots hitting the 36-inch square target board. If ammo wasn\u2019t nearly a buck a round, I\u2019ve had experimented more with the M1919A6. <\/p>\n","post_title":"M1919A6 Light Machine Gun: The Stop-Gap Defender of Freedom","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"m1919a6-light-machine-gun","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2024-12-03 10:39:14","post_modified_gmt":"2024-12-03 15:39:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dev.athlonoutdoors.com\/?p=392805","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":false,"total_page":1},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"jnews_block_23"};

POPULAR

No Content Available